Quick answers to common tax questions.

Short answers from Todd Frazier, CPA. Each one links to a full guide if you want the detail.

59 answers · more added with every new article

Working with Frazier Industries

What services does Frazier Industries offer?

We provide income tax preparation, proactive tax planning, monthly accounting and bookkeeping, CPA-led financial diagnostics, and business advisory/consulting — for both individuals and small-business owners.

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Do I need a CPA, or is a bookkeeper or tax software enough?

Software and bookkeepers handle recording and filing, but a CPA adds strategy: reducing your tax liability, choosing the right entity structure, and advising on financial decisions. If you own a business, have complex income, or feel you're overpaying in taxes, a CPA typically pays for itself.

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How do I get started?

Book a free consultation. We'll review your situation, answer your questions, and recommend the right service — with clear pricing up front and no obligation.

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Do you work with small businesses and startups?

Yes — small-business owners are our core focus. We help with everything from choosing the right entity and setting up clean books to ongoing tax planning as you grow.

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Where are you located and who do you serve?

Our office is in Anaheim, California, serving Orange County locally. We also work with individuals and small businesses across the United States remotely through our secure client portal.

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How much does tax preparation cost?

Fees depend on the complexity of your return — an individual 1040 is priced differently than an S-corp (1120S), partnership (1065), or multi-state filing. We give you a clear quote up front after a free consultation, so there are no surprises at filing time.

About tax preparation
What documents do I need to bring for tax preparation?

For most filers: income documents (W-2s, 1099s, K-1s), expense and deduction records, prior-year tax returns, and any letters from the IRS or state. Business owners should also bring profit-and-loss statements, balance sheets, and payroll records. When you book, we send a tailored checklist based on your situation.

About tax preparation
Can you prepare both my personal and business tax returns?

Yes. We prepare individual returns (1040 and Schedule C), S-corp (1120S), C-corp (1120), partnership (1065), and trust (1041) returns. Handling both together lets us coordinate your personal and business taxes so nothing falls through the cracks.

About tax preparation
When is the deadline to file my taxes?

Individual and C-corp returns are generally due April 15, while S-corp and partnership returns are due March 15. If you need more time, we can file an extension — but an extension to file is not an extension to pay, so we help you estimate and pay any balance to avoid penalties.

About tax preparation

Tax Planning

Is an LLC or S-corp better for taxes?

An LLC and an S-corp can hold the same business. The tax difference comes from the S-corp election, which can reduce self-employment tax once profits are high enough — often around $80,000+ of net profit — to justify the added cost and payroll rules.

Read the full guide: S-Corp vs. LLC: Which Saves You More on Taxes?
How does an S-corp save on taxes?

An S-corp owner splits income into a reasonable salary (subject to payroll/self-employment tax) and remaining profit distributions (not subject to it). Only the salary portion is hit with the 15.3% Social Security and Medicare tax.

Read the full guide: S-Corp vs. LLC: Which Saves You More on Taxes?
What is a reasonable salary for an S-corp owner?

The IRS requires S-corp owner-employees to pay themselves 'reasonable compensation' for their work — roughly what you'd pay someone else to do your job. Setting it too low to dodge payroll tax is a common audit trigger.

Read the full guide: S-Corp vs. LLC: Which Saves You More on Taxes?
At what income does an S-corp make sense?

There's no fixed line, but many owners start to come out ahead once net profit is consistently around $80,000 or more, because the self-employment tax savings exceed the extra payroll, accounting, and filing costs.

Read the full guide: S-Corp vs. LLC: Which Saves You More on Taxes?
Do S-corps and LLCs both get the QBI deduction?

Yes, both can qualify for the 20% qualified business income (QBI) deduction, which the One Big Beautiful Bill Act made permanent. The interaction with an S-corp salary is nuanced and worth modeling with a CPA.

Read the full guide: S-Corp vs. LLC: Which Saves You More on Taxes?
What business expenses are tax deductible?

Any expense that is ordinary and necessary for your trade or business is generally deductible — including supplies, software, advertising, professional fees, business travel, a portion of your vehicle and home costs, and employee/contractor pay.

Read the full guide: 17 Small-Business Tax Deductions Owners Miss Every Year
What is the most overlooked small-business tax deduction?

The home-office deduction, business mileage, self-employed health insurance, and retirement plan contributions are the deductions owners most often miss — each can be worth thousands of dollars.

Read the full guide: 17 Small-Business Tax Deductions Owners Miss Every Year
Can I deduct my car for business?

Yes, either using the 2026 standard mileage rate of 72.5 cents per mile or the actual-expense method. You need a mileage log to substantiate business use either way.

Read the full guide: 17 Small-Business Tax Deductions Owners Miss Every Year
What is the Section 179 deduction for 2026?

Section 179 lets you immediately expense up to $2,560,000 of qualifying equipment placed in service in 2026, with a phase-out beginning at $4,090,000. 100% bonus depreciation is also available and now permanent.

Read the full guide: 17 Small-Business Tax Deductions Owners Miss Every Year
Is the QBI deduction still available in 2026?

Yes. The 20% qualified business income (QBI) deduction was made permanent by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act starting in 2026, and now includes a minimum $400 deduction for active businesses with at least $1,000 of QBI.

Read the full guide: 17 Small-Business Tax Deductions Owners Miss Every Year
Who has to pay quarterly estimated taxes?

Generally, anyone who expects to owe $1,000 or more in tax after withholding — including self-employed people, business owners, partners, S-corp shareholders, and investors with significant untaxed income.

Read the full guide: Quarterly Estimated Taxes: Who Has to Pay and How to Calculate Them
How much should I set aside for estimated taxes?

A common rule of thumb for self-employed people is to set aside 25–30% of net profit for federal income and self-employment tax. Your exact rate depends on your bracket, state, and deductions.

Read the full guide: Quarterly Estimated Taxes: Who Has to Pay and How to Calculate Them
What are the 2026 estimated tax due dates?

April 15, 2026 (Q1), June 15, 2026 (Q2), September 15, 2026 (Q3), and January 15, 2027 (Q4). The final 2025 payment is due January 15, 2026.

Read the full guide: Quarterly Estimated Taxes: Who Has to Pay and How to Calculate Them
What is the estimated tax safe harbor?

You avoid an underpayment penalty if you pay at least 90% of this year's tax or 100% of last year's tax (110% if your prior-year AGI exceeded $150,000), whichever is smaller.

Read the full guide: Quarterly Estimated Taxes: Who Has to Pay and How to Calculate Them
What happens if I don't pay estimated taxes?

The IRS charges an underpayment penalty, calculated like interest on each missed installment. In 2026 that rate is around 6–7% annually, applied from each quarterly due date until you pay.

Read the full guide: Quarterly Estimated Taxes: Who Has to Pay and How to Calculate Them
Who qualifies for the home-office deduction?

Self-employed people and business owners who use part of their home regularly and exclusively as their principal place of business. W-2 employees generally cannot claim it for tax years 2018 through 2025.

Read the full guide: The Home-Office Deduction: Do You Qualify, and Which Method Wins?
What is the exclusive-use rule?

The space must be used only for business — not a guest room that doubles as an office or a kitchen table. A dedicated room or a clearly defined area used solely for business meets the test.

Read the full guide: The Home-Office Deduction: Do You Qualify, and Which Method Wins?
Simplified or regular method — which is better?

The simplified method ($5/sq. ft., up to 300 sq. ft., max $1,500) is easier. The regular method (actual expenses times business-use percentage) often produces a larger deduction if your home costs are high. You can switch year to year.

Read the full guide: The Home-Office Deduction: Do You Qualify, and Which Method Wins?
Can employees claim the home-office deduction?

No. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act suspended the employee home-office deduction for tax years 2018 through 2025. Only self-employed individuals and business owners can claim it during that period.

Read the full guide: The Home-Office Deduction: Do You Qualify, and Which Method Wins?
Does the home-office deduction trigger an audit?

No — claiming a legitimate, well-documented home office does not by itself trigger an audit. Keep records of your square footage and expenses and claim it if you qualify.

Read the full guide: The Home-Office Deduction: Do You Qualify, and Which Method Wins?
When should a small business hire a CPA?

When you start a business, form an LLC or S-corp, hire employees or contractors, owe surprise taxes, get an IRS notice, or your finances outgrow DIY software. Any one of these is a reasonable trigger.

Read the full guide: When Should You Hire a CPA? 7 Signs It's Time
What's the difference between a CPA and a tax preparer?

A CPA is a licensed professional who can do tax planning, represent you before the IRS, audit financials, and advise on strategy year-round. A basic tax preparer typically just files the return you hand them.

Read the full guide: When Should You Hire a CPA? 7 Signs It's Time
Is hiring a CPA worth the cost?

For most business owners, yes. A CPA often saves more than their fee through better entity structure, captured deductions, avoided penalties, and smarter estimated payments — plus the time and stress they take off your plate.

Read the full guide: When Should You Hire a CPA? 7 Signs It's Time
Can a CPA help if I already got an IRS notice?

Yes. CPAs can represent you before the IRS, respond to notices, and handle audits. If you've received a notice you don't understand, that's one of the clearest signs to bring in a professional.

Read the full guide: When Should You Hire a CPA? 7 Signs It's Time
Do I need a CPA if I use tax software?

Software is fine for simple W-2 situations. Once you have business income, an entity, rental property, or major life changes, a CPA adds planning and judgment that software can't.

Read the full guide: When Should You Hire a CPA? 7 Signs It's Time
What is tax planning, and how is it different from tax preparation?

Tax preparation is looking backward — filing the return for a year that already ended. Tax planning is looking forward: we work with you throughout the year to make proactive moves (entity structure, retirement contributions, timing of income and expenses, and more) that legally lower the tax you'll owe before the year closes.

About our tax planning service
How much can tax planning actually save me?

It depends on your income, entity type, and situation, but our clients have saved between $10,000 and $90,000 through strategic planning. We start with a diagnostic to estimate your specific opportunity before you commit.

About our tax planning service
When should I start tax planning?

The earlier in the year the better — most strategies need to be in place before December 31 to count for that tax year. That said, it's never too late to start planning for the next year, and some moves can still be made right up to filing.

About our tax planning service
Do I need to be a business owner to benefit from tax planning?

No. Business owners and high-income earners usually have the most opportunities, but individuals with investment income, real estate, equity compensation, or major life changes can also benefit. We tailor the plan to your situation.

About our tax planning service
Should I form an S-corp or LLC to save on taxes?

It depends on your net profit. Once a business consistently earns enough, electing S-corp status can reduce self-employment tax — but it also adds payroll and compliance costs, so there's a break-even point. We run the numbers for your business and recommend the structure that actually saves you money.

About our tax planning service

Tax Preparation

When are 2025 individual tax returns due in 2026?

Individual returns (Form 1040) for the 2025 tax year are due Wednesday, April 15, 2026. An extension moves the filing deadline to October 15, 2026, but not the payment deadline.

Read the full guide: 2026 Tax Deadlines for Individuals and Small Businesses
What is the S-corp and partnership tax deadline for 2026?

Calendar-year S-corporations and partnerships must file by March 16, 2026. The usual March 15 date falls on a Sunday, so it shifts to the next business day.

Read the full guide: 2026 Tax Deadlines for Individuals and Small Businesses
Does a tax extension give me more time to pay?

No. An extension only extends the time to file the return. Any tax you owe is still due by the original deadline (April 15, 2026 for most individuals), or interest and penalties start to accrue.

Read the full guide: 2026 Tax Deadlines for Individuals and Small Businesses
When is the last 2025 estimated tax payment due?

The fourth-quarter estimated payment for the 2025 tax year is due January 15, 2026. The first 2026 payment follows on April 15, 2026.

Read the full guide: 2026 Tax Deadlines for Individuals and Small Businesses
What happens if I miss a tax deadline?

You may face a failure-to-file penalty (up to 5% of unpaid tax per month), a failure-to-pay penalty, and interest. Filing on time — even if you can't pay in full — avoids the larger failure-to-file penalty.

Read the full guide: 2026 Tax Deadlines for Individuals and Small Businesses
What documents do I need to file small-business taxes?

At minimum: last year's return, income records (bank/processor statements, 1099s received), an expense summary by category, payroll reports, asset purchases, and records for deductions like mileage, home office, and health insurance.

Read the full guide: The Small-Business Tax Prep Checklist: Documents to Gather Before Filing
Do I need to send 1099s before I file my own return?

Yes. If you paid a contractor $600 or more for 2025 work, 1099-NECs are due to recipients and the IRS by January 31, 2026 — before your business return is due. The threshold rises to $2,000 for 2026 payments.

Read the full guide: The Small-Business Tax Prep Checklist: Documents to Gather Before Filing
How far back should I keep tax records?

Keep records at least three years from the filing date — the general IRS audit window. Keep them seven years if you claim a loss on worthless securities or bad debt, and keep property and asset records until you sell the asset.

Read the full guide: The Small-Business Tax Prep Checklist: Documents to Gather Before Filing
What's the most commonly forgotten tax document?

Records for the home-office deduction, business mileage logs, and health-insurance premiums paid by self-employed owners are the items owners most often forget to gather — and they can be worth real money.

Read the full guide: The Small-Business Tax Prep Checklist: Documents to Gather Before Filing
Should I use accounting software or a spreadsheet?

Either works if it's consistent. Clean, categorized books — from QuickBooks, Xero, or a well-kept spreadsheet — are what make tax prep fast and accurate. Disorganized records are what make it slow and expensive.

Read the full guide: The Small-Business Tax Prep Checklist: Documents to Gather Before Filing
Who do I have to send a 1099-NEC to?

Any non-employee (contractor, freelancer, or unincorporated vendor) you paid for business services above the reporting threshold during the year. You generally don't issue one to corporations or for payments made by credit card.

Read the full guide: 1099-NEC Rules: Who You Must Send One To (and the Penalties If You Don't)
What is the 1099-NEC threshold for 2025 and 2026?

For 2025 payments (forms due January 31, 2026), the threshold is $600. For payments made in 2026 (forms due in early 2027), the threshold rises to $2,000 under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act.

Read the full guide: 1099-NEC Rules: Who You Must Send One To (and the Penalties If You Don't)
When are 1099-NEC forms due?

1099-NEC forms are due to both the recipient and the IRS by January 31. For 2025 payments, that deadline is January 31, 2026.

Read the full guide: 1099-NEC Rules: Who You Must Send One To (and the Penalties If You Don't)
What's the penalty for not filing a 1099?

Penalties run from about $60 to $340 per form depending on how late you are, and can reach $680+ per form for intentional disregard, with no maximum in that case.

Read the full guide: 1099-NEC Rules: Who You Must Send One To (and the Penalties If You Don't)
Do I need a W-9 from my contractors?

Yes. Collect a signed Form W-9 before you pay a contractor. It gives you the legal name, TIN, and entity type you need to file an accurate 1099 — and protects you from backup withholding issues.

Read the full guide: 1099-NEC Rules: Who You Must Send One To (and the Penalties If You Don't)

California Tax

Does California tax the sale of rental property in Texas, Florida, or Nevada?

Often yes, if you are a California resident in the year of sale. California taxes residents on worldwide income, including gain from out-of-state rentals. The other state's lack of income tax does not automatically remove California tax.

Read the full guide: Myth: Selling a Rental in a No-Income-Tax State Means California Won't Tax You
If the other state has no income tax, do I avoid state tax entirely?

Not necessarily. You may avoid that state's income tax, but California can still tax a resident's gain. Federal capital gains tax also still applies.

Read the full guide: Myth: Selling a Rental in a No-Income-Tax State Means California Won't Tax You
What if I moved out of California before the sale?

If you are a bona fide nonresident when you sell non-California property, California often does not tax that out-of-state realty gain. Residency changes are fact-specific. Document the move carefully and get advice before relying on nonresident treatment.

Read the full guide: Myth: Selling a Rental in a No-Income-Tax State Means California Won't Tax You
Does depreciation reduce what California taxes?

Depreciation usually lowers basis, which can increase taxable gain when you sell. Prior depreciation can create a larger California (and federal) tax bill than owners expect from just the appreciation.

Read the full guide: Myth: Selling a Rental in a No-Income-Tax State Means California Won't Tax You
Should I talk to a CPA before closing?

Yes, especially if you are a California resident (or recent mover) with rental or investment property outside California. Timing, residency, estimated taxes, and basis details are easier to fix before closing than after.

Read the full guide: Myth: Selling a Rental in a No-Income-Tax State Means California Won't Tax You